Einige neuere Verfahren zur Synthese von übermolekularen Strukturen und Ordnungszuständen von Makromolekülen

Abstract

Recent developments concerning the preparation and characterization of organized macromolecular structures preferably in form of thin layers and with multimolecular interactions are discussed. Their relevance is described in the framework of new technologies. Plasmapolymerization is cited as a method to obtain excellent coatings under industrial conditions with greatly reduced pollution problems as compared to conventional techniques. The self-organization behaviour of tensides provides methods to obtain monomolecular and multimolecular layer structures which can be polymerized, if the tenside molecules contain suitable functional groups. This is exemplified using the polymerization behaviour of amphiphilic diacetylenes as a powerful demonstration object. These may be polymerized in monomolecular layers at the air-water interface, in form of multilayers (LB-technique) and in form of the double-layers which form the walls of vesicles and liposomes of these tensides. Among others possible applications are discussed as photo- and electron resists and in optical devices.
The synthesis and application of electrochemically active polymers in form of thin layers on the surface of electrodes is mentioned as newly developping area in which electrochemical principles and concepts of polymer science have been combined to produce new types of electrochemical devices such as displays, switches and photoelectrochemical cells.