Functionalization of Quinones by Green Methods

Abstract

Quinone motifs play a crucial role in a wide range of living organisms, including bacteria, fungi, higher plants, and some animals. They are also present in numerous natural pigments. This review summarizes recent advances in the direct functionalization of quinones using green methods. Green synthesis of quinones employs environmentally sustainable strategies such as solvent-free microwave-assisted techniques, photoredox catalysis, and electrochemical oxidation, etc. These approaches aim to minimize hazardous waste generation and energy consumption, offering a cleaner alternative to conventional synthetic methods.